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Use of imaging methods in criminology
HALOUZKOVÁ, Markéta
The topic of my thesis is use of imaging methods in criminology. Imaging methods in criminology or forensics include a broad function, both as a stand-alone autopsy and as an adjunct. This allows the cause of death, which may be natural or even suspected, to be determined. In forensics, skiography using X-ray machines or new imaging methods such as computed tomography or MRI is most commonly used. Other imaging technologies such as CT - angiography, 3D photogrammetry, 3D printers, surface scanning and more are also being used in some countries. While this depiction isn't well known to the public, scientists are trying to make various articles, at least to familiarize themselves with all the information about the issue. My purpose of the work is to inform at least the listener of the study into a radiological assistant and to acquaint them with the work carried out in departments other than normal clinical practice. In the theoretical part, I tried to inform readers with a given issue obtained from the study of specialized articles and literature. In the introduction, I introduced them to a brief description of the field of criminology, forensics and imaging methods and their use in various causes. The practical part is based on the study of internet literature both abroad and in the Czech Republic. I divided that part into two segments. In the first chapter I drew on internet literature and in the second I drew on the collection of data obtained from a specialist article and from communication with radiologists. I also found information in other scholarly articles, dissertations, annual hospital reports, or a hospital journal. In the first part, I tried to introduce readers to the imaging methods used abroad and in the Czech Republic. In the next chapter, I processed the obtained data from the Hospital Ceske Budejovice, a.s. and the University Hospital in Plzen. Based on the results obtained and the data that brought me information on imaging methods used for criminology in forensicmedicine, what investigative areas are used and what are the most common causes of death, investigative areas, at the same time also pointed to me the status of a separate radiological assistant on the subject abroad and the Czech Republic.
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Traumatic consequences of pedestrian - tram interaction and specifics in the case of child - pedestrians
Belková, Natália ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Traumatic consequences of pedestrian-tram interaction and specifics in the case of child-pedestrians Objectives: The aim of the paper is to analyze the issue of pedestrian-tram traffic accidents in respect of injury consequences, based on available literary sources in accordance with the selection criteria. Special attention is paid to where such accidents involve children. The work is part of the grant ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT EVENTS CHODEC TRAMVAJ. It aims to evaluate the occurrence, type and nature of injuries where collisions have taken place between pedestrians and trams. Methods: The thesis is produced on the basis of literary research. Due to the breadth of the interdisciplinary nature of the issue, literary sources were searched in the NCBI, Sciencedirect, Springerlink, Researchgate, PubMed databases. The first part of the thesis contains a theoretical introduction to the issue of tram transport and the definition of basic concepts, injuries of individual parts of the locomotor system and accident mechanisms in terms of biomechanics. The second part has a descriptive-analytical nature and contains an analysis of individual studies that deal with the health of a pedestrian/child accident, in relation to a tram. Results: At the end of the search, 64 studies met the selection criteria. Six...
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Autopsies of deceased in car accidents
Zelený, Michal ; Vojtíšek, Tomáš ; Ďatko, Miroslav ; Grusová, Kateřina
At the Institute of Forensic Medicine Brno there are approximately 150 autopsies performed each year which are related to car accidents. There are two kinds of autopsies which can be performed in case of a deadly car accident – an autopsy advised by a doctor (50 % of autopsies), which in this case is not absolutely compulsory and can be cancelled at deceased’s family request. The other option is an autopsy ordered by the police or prosecutor (50 %). Both kinds of autopsies have different specifics and justifications and the incomplete analysis of the case can unfortunately be reflected in annual statistics.
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Forensic radiology
KLÍMOVÁ, Pavlína
The topic of my thesis is forensic radiology. This field represents a very valuable and often irreplaceable tool for forensic medicine. Thanks to this development, especially in recent years, other imaging methods computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are receiving attention beside sciagraphy. Although this development has helped popularize this field, it often receives only brief mentions in the literature. The intent of my work is to show that forensic radiology is a rather interesting and rewarding chapter of radiology, which is definitely worth the attention.The theoretical part contains a brief summary of my analysis of scientific literature and articles on this topic. Its first chapter gives an introduction to the field of forensic medicine with a focus on methods used in the Czech Republic. Additional chapters represent the history of forensic radiology, a concise summary of the basic principles of different imaging modalities and subsequent description of their use within forensic medicine. As some of the indications are not entirely conventional in clinical practice (e.g. gunshot and shrapnel wounds), there is also a brief description of these injuries and the mechanism of their occurrence. A separate chapter is devoted to dental identification, which is a very important method, because it makes use of most of the mentioned imaging methods. The last chapter is devoted to the status of forensic radiology in the world and a summary of the various organizations founded to support this field. The practical part is divided into two sections. The first section presents the results of our survey, aiming to map the use of imaging in forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was anonymous and contained a total of eleven questions. Communication took place via e-mail. Each of the 14 imaging facilities in the Czech Republic received a copy of the questionnaire, with a response rate of 65%.This research therefore covers the 9 facilities that did respond. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed and presented using tables and graphs.The second section analyzed data obtained at the Military Institute of Forensic Medicine, Central Military Hospital Military University Hospital Prague (VÚSL). The aim of this section is to demonstrate the practical use of imaging techniques in one of the facilities using forensic medicine in the Czech Republic. The data used are from 2014. The results are also analyzed and presented through tables and graphs.The results of the survey constitute valuable data about the use of imaging methods, about the personnel and technical equipment of the facilities, the use of available methods for the specific indications as well as plans for future development of imaging techniques at these facilities.Results of data collection at VÚSL focused on the number of radiological examinations in 2014, subdivided by the type of imaging method used and the extent and indication of the examination.The work posed the research question: Is sciagraphic examination the only imaging method used in the Czech Republic in forensic medicine?Based on the results, we can state that even though sciagraphy is still the leading imaging method, it is not the only one used at more than half the surveyed facilities. A third of the facilities surveyed is also considering the use of other imaging methods in the future.
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